议论文中，我们为了更好的说服别人，支撑自己的观点，除了使用一些证据之外，我们还会尽量从语言上来修饰自己的文章，让自己的观点更加打动人，吸引人。比如，在议论文中使用不同的措辞（diction），达到的效果那肯定是不一样。我们今天就一起来看看措辞在议论文中是如何发挥它的说服作用的？
-1-
什么是措辞（diction）？
choice of words especially with regard to correctness, clearness, or effectiveness
在写作中，措辞就是指准确，清晰以及有效的用词。比如说查尔斯·狄更斯（Charles Dickens）《双城记》中有这么一段：
“It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it was the winter of despair”
通过不断重复的使用“it was”，以及从各个角度去解释times, age, epoch ,season, spring等等这些与时间相关的词，让读者能够更加深刻地关注到小说的主题“age”的特点。
-2-
措辞常见的修辞效果有哪些？
1）传情达意
to create and convey a typical mood, tone and atmosphere to their readers
2）影响读者的态度
to affect the reader’s attitude
常用句型如下：
What the author does?
● The author employs stylistic elements through his / her careful choice of words…
● His / her humorous diction / scientific / negative / positive term / emotive verb / colloquialism …
● The author uses powerful negative/positive imagery…
Why he or she does it?
● …to strengthen the argument…
● …to describe their plight…
● …to emphasize the disparity between…
What effect this is likely to have on readers?
● …makes a more powerful impression on the reader.
● …create an atmosphere of disparity between…
● …the author correctly targets our instincts to…
-3-
如何用3W原则
对diction展开深度分析？
如何使用3W原则来分析一篇议论文中的diction呢，我们一起看个例子吧~
While college athletes may not exactly be employees, they are more than just students. Their work, which generatesexorbitantamounts of money year in and year out, deserves compensation… The NCAA currently resides in a state of pure hypocrisy. Itpreachesthat its main goal is to educate student-athletes…Disallowing athletes the ability to make a profit on their own work, though, is not just wrong. It isunjustandinhumane.
分析
The terms he uses in the article, such as“exorbitant,” “preaches,” “unjust,” and “inhumane,”allcreate an atmosphere of disparitybetween student-athlete and university,supporting the position thatthese individuals deserve a greater degree of equity during their college years.
原文如何体现3W原则
首先范文准确的描述了原文作者写了什么？（The terms he uses in the article），即原文作者使用了一些好的词语表达。
紧接着，分析了这一写作手法对读者产生的效果（create an atmosphere of disparity），即营造了一种不公平的氛围，激发了读者同情心。
从而达到了作者预定的写作目的（supporting the position that）即说服读者相信，大学生运动员也需要受到像职业运动员一样的公平待遇。
本文由沈阳SAT培训通途国际英语的Lorraine老师为童鞋们总结的，SAT备考的同学一定要看一下，更多精彩内容请访问通途国际英语SAT频道。
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